Your search

国际旗帜学协会联合会主席致开 Opening Remarks from the President of FIAV

本文介绍了自1965年以来，每隔两年在全球各 地举办的30届旗帜学大会（ICV）。分析了历届 ICV所发表论文的主题分类和特性，并把这些论 文分为15类旗帜学研究。这些类别是通过累积 已发表的论文本身所涵盖的主题来定义的，提 供了该学科研究的多功能性的衡量标准。ICV论 文是旗帜学研究的最高峰，构成了受人尊敬的 全球旗帜学知识体系，成为今天和未来旗帜学 家的学术数据宝库和进一步研究的基础。 This paper explores the 30 International Congresses of Vexillology (ICVs) held in various locations around the globe under FIAV sponsorship every other year since 1965 and analyzes the proceedings produced after these congresses. The papers presented at ICVs and published in their proceedings probably represent the highest peak of published vexillological research and constitute a respectable body of global vexillological knowledge and a trove of scholarly data for vexillologists of today and tomorrow upon which to base further research. The paper analyzes the ICVs by number of participants, participating countries, and represented continents, providing an indication of the state of development of vexillology as a discipline world-wide. The published papers are analyzed by total volume (number of pages), number of papers, and languages used. The authors of papers are also considered by number of papers, pages, and participation in the ICVs. The papers published are sorted into 15 categories of vexillological research—the categories were defined by cumulating the topics covered by the published papers themselves, providing a measure of the versatility of research in the discipline.

1977 年 12 月 6 日，博普塔茨瓦纳成为南非十个 所谓的“家园”（或班图斯坦）中第二个接受 “独立”的地区。根据当时南非的种族隔离政 策，家园是专门为特定种族的人设立的地区。 博普塔茨瓦纳是南非茨瓦纳语族的专属领土。 尽管没有得到国际认可，博普塔茨瓦纳实际上 是一个拥有自己旗帜、国徽、国歌以及其他主 权象征的政治实体。本文聚焦于1977年至1994 年间，博普塔茨瓦纳政府在其名义上的独立国 家存在期间使用的旗帜和其他主权象征。 在南非首次全民普选后，种族隔离政策正式结 束，博普塔茨瓦纳作为一个独立的政治实体停 止存在，并在1994年4月27日重新并入南非。 On 6 December 1977 Bophuthatswana became the second of South Africa’s ten so-called Homelands (or Bantustans) to accept independence’. In terms of South Africa’s policy of apartheid then in force, the Homelands were areas set aside for people of a specific ethnicity. Bophuthatswana was the territory reserved for the Tswana-speaking people of South Africa. Despite not being internationally recognised, Bophuthatswana was a de facto political entity with its own flag, coat of arms, anthem, and other symbolic trappings of sovereignty. This paper focuses on the flags and other symbols of sovereignty used by the Government of Bophuthatswana during its existence as a nominally independent state between 1977 and 1994. Following South Africa’s first universal adult suffrage elections which formally ended apartheid, Bophuthatswana ceased to exist as a separate political entity and was re-incorporated into South Africa on 27 April 1994.

论文介绍了比利时国旗和国徽及其演变，以及 皇家、海军、陆军、空军、国防部、特别民用 旗、军旗和飞行员召唤旗等其他象征。 This paper describes the Belgian national flag and coat of arms and its evolution together with other symbols such as the Royal, Navy, Army, Air Force, Ministry of Defense, special civil ensign, jack, and call for a pilot flags.

海南自由贸易港建设，给国旗教育带来新的机 遇。旗帜是世界共通的语言，是世界文明交流 互鉴的载体。我们愿意与北京新风旗帜中心一 道，和世界各国旗帜学家密切联系，为推动中 国青少年学习旗帜文化，促进世界各国青少年 旗帜文化交流交往，做出新的积极贡献。 The construction of the Hainan Free Trade Port presents new opportunities to national flag education. As flags are a universal language and a carrier of global cultural exchange, we are eager to work closely with the Vexillological Research Center of China and flag scholars from around the world, contributing positively to the promotion of flag culture among Chinese youth and the exchange of flag culture among youth worldwide.

第一次世界大战以及《圣日耳曼条约》、《凡 尔赛条约》和《特里亚农条约》之后，罗马尼 亚王国希望在其象征中反映其领土扩张。国王 费迪南德一世任命特兰西瓦尼亚匈牙利纹章学 家约瑟夫·科佩奇齐·塞贝斯蒂安（他在1915年为 奥匈帝国内的匈牙利王国绘制了国徽）来设计 新的国徽。罗马尼亚王国的扩增国徽于1921年 被采纳。费迪南德国王还委托约瑟夫·科佩奇齐· 塞贝斯蒂安设计王室家族的旗帜。王室成员的 旗帜：国王、王后、王储以及王子和公主的旗 帜，由1922年5月5日官方公报的皇家谕令公 布。这些旗帜各不相同，但它们共同拥有一个 纹章元素，即没有大盾徽的小盾徽。 After the First World War and the Treaties of Saint-Germain, Versailles, and Trianon, the Kingdom of Romania sought to reflect its expansion in its symbols. King Ferdinand I appointed Transylvanian Hungarian heraldist József Keöpeczi Sebestyén—who had drawn the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hungary within the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1915—to create the new coat of arms. The augmented coat of arms of the Kingdom of Romania was adopted in 1921. King Ferdinand commissioned the Royal Family’s flag designs from the same József Keöpeczi Sebestyén. The Royal Decree adopted the flags of the members of the Royal Family: King, Queen, Heir to the Throne, and Royal Princes and Princesses, published in the Official Gazette of 5 May 1922. These flags were different, but they had in common the heraldic element of the small coat of arms without the great escutcheon.

在过去的25年里，美国州旗的变化步伐加快 了。与此同时，旗帜专家参与这一变化的人数 有所增。我们已经分享了我们作为倡导者、创 造者、专家、评审者和过程顾问的旗帜设计专 业知识。包括乔治亚州、密西西比州、犹他州 和明尼苏达州在内的几个州已经改变了他们的 旗帜，他们采纳了NAVA（北美旗帜协会）及其 成员的指导。还有几项努力正在进行中，包括 马萨诸塞州、伊利诺伊州、缅因州、密歇根州 和新罕布什尔州。由于在美国没有中央部门管 理国旗的设计和使用，NAVA的作用是通过其出 版物、调查和成员的努力而变得更加重要。旗 帜界成员的这种参与标志着一种重大变化，我 们在大多数州旗变更时，为它在新旗帜设计提 供了更优的设计标准。 本文也发表在 2025 年 3 月的 Vexillum 第 29 期 中。 In the past 25 years, the pace of change among U.S. state flags has accelerated. Concurrently, the participation of vexillologists in that change has increased. We have shared our flag-design expertise as instigators, advocates, creators, refiners, experts, judges, and process consultants. Several states, including Georgia, Mississippi, Utah, and Minnesota, have changed their flags, reflecting and incorporating guidance from NAVA and its members. Several more efforts are under way, including Massachusetts, Illinois, Maine, Michigan, and New Hampshire. Because no central authority governs flag design and adoption in the U.S., the role of NAVA—through its publications, surveys, and members’ efforts—has become more important. This involvement by members of the vexillological community marks a significant change from the past—when we were on the outside of most state flag change—and it has delivered a higher stand- ard of flag design in new flags. [This article also appeared in Vexillum 29, March 2025.]

我们很高兴分享印度旗帜学协会的发展历程— —它从一项教育倡议起步，如今已成为推动全 国性运动的重要力量。我们的努力折射出印度 各地对旗帜日益增长的关注，而参与“家家有 三色旗”运动则是这一历程的重要里程碑。我 们认为，当下正是在印度更广泛普及旗帜学的 理想时机，并在此分享我们实现这一目标的愿 景。 We are excited to share the journey of the Indian Vexillological Association, which has grown from an educational initiative into a driving force in a national movement. Our efforts reflect the increasing interest in flags across India, culminating in our participation in the Har Ghar Tiranga campaign. We believe this is the ideal moment to introduce vexillology more prominently in India, and we share our vision for achieving it.

在2015年至2022年期间，超过300个美国城市和 城镇采用了新的或重新设计的旗帜来代表他们 的社区。2022年底，NAVA进行了一项在线调 查，要求受访者根据0至10的评分标准对这些旗 帜的设计进行评分。共有2,852名受访者（308名 NAVA成员和2,544名公众参与者）自我报告来 自90个国家（71%来自美国）；他们的年龄分布 广泛。之后，NAVA在全国范围内，特别是那些 旗帜被纳入调查的城市，发布新闻稿，获得了 广泛的媒体报道。将平均评分转换为字母等级 后，超过30%的旗帜获得了A或B，但超过60%的 旗帜获得了D或F。结果分析不仅显示了设计质 量的范围，还提供了关于设计感知如何因受访 者年龄、地点和NAVA成员身份而异的洞察。 该论文也发表在2024年 Raven 31上。 Over 300 American cities and towns are known to have adopted new or redesigned flags to represent their communities between 2015 and 2022. In late 2022, NAVA conducted an online survey asking respondents to rate those flags’ designs on a 0–10 scale. The 2,852 respondents (308 NAVA members and 2,544 public participants) self-reported from 90 countries (71% from the U.S.); their ages distributed widely. Afterwards, NAVA blanketed the country—especially the cities with flags in the survey—with press releases yielding wide media coverage. With average ratings converted to a letter grade, over 30% of the flags got an A or a B, but over 60% of the flags got a D or an F. Analysis of the results not only showed a range of design quality, but also provided insights into how perception of the designs varied across respondent ages, locations, and NAVA membership. [This article was also published in Raven 31, 2024.]

拉玛一世国王的暹罗（现泰国）旗帜在红色背 景上绘有白色轮毂（轮状带刃投掷武器）。 1817 年，一本法国航海书籍刊登了错误的旗帜 描述和图片，将轮毂替换为黄色太阳。这一错 误似乎在西方旗帜图表中传播开来。 King Rama I’s flag for Siam (now Thailand) bore a white chakra (wheel-shaped bladed throwing weapon) on a red background. In 1817, a French maritime book printed an erroneous description and image of the flag, replacing the chakra with a yellow sun. This error appears to have propagated through Western flag charts.