Your search

Priručnik o osnovnim heraldičkim pojmovima koji se koriste u blazoniranju – stručnom opisivanju grbova. A manual about the basic heraldic terms used in blazonry – the professional description of coats of arms.

随着全球化的推进，各国间的文化交流变得日 益频繁。旗帜符号作为一种象征，承载着丰富 的历史和文化内涵，它们能够跨越语言和文化 的障碍，传达出深刻的历史和文化内涵。为了 更好地传播旗帜文化，文章深刻阐述旗帜吉祥 物的设计理念与文化脉络，同时从实际案例的 角度出发探索旗帜吉祥物应用创新与理论创 新。旗帜吉祥物作为文化交流的使者，它有望 推动全球旗帜应用的创新与发展，也有望为国 际关系的和谐与民心相通贡献力量。 《中华人民共和国旗帜吉祥物》是以北京天安 门广场升起仪式为意象，以天安门城楼标语： “中华人民共和国万岁·世界人民大团结万岁” 为创作语境；以“祝福祖国 热爱国旗”为主 题；以五星红旗、太阳、光芒、星球等元素创 作的拟动物手法塑造了吉祥物。是世界人民大 团结旗帜吉祥物之一。 With the advancement of globalization, cultural exchanges between countries have become increasingly frequent. As a symbol, the flag symbol carries rich historical and cultural connotations, which can transcend language and cultural barriers and convey profound historical and cultural connotations. In order to better spread flag culture, this paper profoundly expounds the design concept and cultural context of the flag mascot, and at the same time explores the application innovation and theoretical innovation of the flag mascot from the perspective of practical cases. As the messenger of cultural exchange, the flag mascot is expected to promote the innovation and development of global flag application, and also to contribute to the harmony of international relations and the connection between people. The proposed “Flag Mascot of the People’s Republic of China” is based on the image of the flag-raising ceremony in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, and the slogan on the Tiananmen Gate: “Long Live the People’s Republic of China, Long Live the Great Unity of the People of the World” is used as the creation context; with “Bless the Motherland, Love the National Flag” as the theme; the mascot is created in an anthropomorphic way with elements such as the five-star red flag, the sun, light, and planets. It is one of the flag mascots of the great unity of the people of the world.

我们很高兴分享印度旗帜学协会的发展历程— —它从一项教育倡议起步，如今已成为推动全 国性运动的重要力量。我们的努力折射出印度 各地对旗帜日益增长的关注，而参与“家家有 三色旗”运动则是这一历程的重要里程碑。我 们认为，当下正是在印度更广泛普及旗帜学的 理想时机，并在此分享我们实现这一目标的愿 景。 We are excited to share the journey of the Indian Vexillological Association, which has grown from an educational initiative into a driving force in a national movement. Our efforts reflect the increasing interest in flags across India, culminating in our participation in the Har Ghar Tiranga campaign. We believe this is the ideal moment to introduce vexillology more prominently in India, and we share our vision for achieving it.

国旗是国家的标志和象征，升国旗奏唱国歌代 表着获奖国家的尊严。升旗仪式是奥运会的重 大礼仪，首要礼仪，是超越体育成绩的体现举 办国政治与文化的标志性仪式。从奥运村、残 奥村欢迎仪式升旗，到奥运会、残奥会开幕式 闭幕式升旗，到奥运会、残奥会比赛场馆的颁 奖升旗，升旗仪式贯穿奥运会全过程，其重要 性历来得到组委会的高度重视。 上述升旗仪式中最复杂的是颁奖升旗仪式，是 颁奖仪式中涉及国家主权尊严的大事，是颁奖 仪式有政治性的核心重点。颁奖升旗涉及国 旗、旗杆装置、场馆、升旗手等众多设备、诸 多要素，有很多的不可确定性，一旦出现任何 纰漏都会造成无法挽回的重大影响。 赵新风为北京奥运会设计了“中国式”颁奖升 旗仪式，对升旗装置、升旗程序、升旗动作等 进行明确规范，并培训194名颁奖升旗手。之 后，北京奥运会的升旗仪式及规范，广泛应用 于中国主办的国际赛事升旗仪式中。赵新风也 担任升旗专家负责培训这些国际比赛的升旗 手，本文以这些国际赛事颁奖升旗仪式为范 例，讲述颁奖升旗系统工作和规范。 The national flag is the symbol of a country, and raising it while playing the national anthem represents the dignity of the country. The flag-raising ceremony is a significant and primary ritual of the Olympic Games, embodying the politics and culture of the host country beyond athletic achievements. From the welcoming ceremonies, to the opening and closing ceremonies, and to the medal-award ceremonies at the venues of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, flag-raising runs throughout, and its importance has always been highly valued by the International Olympic Committee. The most complex events among Olympic flag-raising ceremonies are the medal awards, which involve national sovereignty and dignity in the ceremony and can be politically significant. The flag-raising during medal award ceremonies involves extensive equipment and elements such as national flags, flagpole devices, venues, and flag-raisers, which have many uncertainties. Therefore, any mistake and negligence may cause irreparable and significant impacts. Zhao Xinfeng designed the “Chinese-style” medal-awards flag-raising ceremony for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, standardizing the flag-raising devices, procedures, and actions, and training 194 flag-raisers for the ceremony. Since then, the Beijing Olympic Games’ flag-raising ceremony and its specifications has been widely adopted for international events hosted by China. Zhao Xinfeng also served as a flag-raising expert responsible for training flag-raisers for these international events. This article uses the flag-raising in the award ceremonies of these international events as examples to illustrate the workings and specifications of the flag-raising system.

习近平旗帜思想，是习近平中国特色社会主义 思想的重要内涵和生动实践。是习近平强军思 想、习近平外交思想、习近平法治思想、习近 平文化思想在党旗党建、爱国主义、国旗法 规、旗帜礼仪、升旗仪式、军事旗帜、旗帜文 化、国际交往等方面的有机统一和形象展现。 习近平旗帜思想形成于爱国升旗的日常工作 中，升华于北京奥运会颁奖升旗，风行于世界 旗帜学大会，展现在亲自为军种和警察授旗， 振奋在天安门阅兵旗帜方队，壮大在天安门广 场升旗改革，体现在对升旗手的关爱，规范了 全国学校升旗仪式，引领了国旗文化传播弘 扬，推动了国旗法修正，实现升旗仪式港澳台 全覆盖，让党旗在基层一线高高飘扬，是“两 个确立”的旗帜解读，是“两个维护”的旗帜 执行指南，为各级领导干部学习实践提供了全 方位的指向引领。 Xi Jinping’s thinking on flags is an organic unity and vivid manifestation of his ideas on strengthening the military, diplomacy, rule of law, and culture, as reflected in patriotism, national flag regulations, flag etiquette, flag-raising ceremonies, military flags, flag culture, and international exchanges. Xi Jinping’s thinking on flags was first formed through the routine work of patriotic flag-raising, elevated during the flag-raising at the Beijing Olympics award ceremonies, popularized at International Congress of Vexillology, and displayed when he personally presented flags to military branches and the police. It was invigorated during Tiananmen Square military parade flag formations, expanded during the reforms of the Tiananmen Square flag-raising ceremony, and is evident in his care for flag-bearers. It has standardized the flag-raising ceremonies in schools across the country, led the promotion of national flag culture, driven the amendment of the National Flag Law, extended the flag-raising ceremonies to Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan, and provided comprehensive guidance for leaders at all levels to learn and practice.

旗帜者，崇拜信仰，政治主张，人心凝聚，前 进指向也。自古开国君王，兴举义兵之始，无 不建旗树纛，昭告天下，聚合民心，扫除弊 政，得以改天换地，治国安邦。而开国立基者 亲手升起国旗，翻看几千年中华史册，唯有中 国人民解放军、中国共产党、中华人民共和国 的主要缔造者和领导人毛泽东主席。 A flag represents adoration, political advocacy, unity of hearts, and direction for progress. Since ancient times, when founding emperors began to raise righteous armies, they invariably adopted flags and ban- ners to proclaim to the world, rally the people’s support, and eliminate maladministration—thus changing the world and governing the country securely. Among the founders of nations and dynasties throughout thousands of years of Chinese history, it was only Chairman Mao Zedong, the main founder and leader of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, the Communist Party of China, and the People’s Republic of China, who personally raised the national flag.

《中华旗帜文明起源初探》，是2013年我首次 参加25届鹿特丹世界旗帜学大会的演讲。经过 十多年的不断研究，又有许多新发现和新成 果。在2024第30届北京世界旗帜学大会上，做 进一步的论述。 中国是世界上已知最早使用旗帜的国家，史料 记载和出土文物均有准确记载。周朝建立后， 《周礼》对国旗、藩旗、军旗的等级、样式和 使用等进行了规范，确立了世界上最早的旗帜 礼仪和法律，标志着世界旗帜文化的起源。 三千多年来，中国礼仪文化和旗帜文化的蓬勃 发展，都与《周礼》息息相关。 中国旗帜文化也对世界各国的旗帜文化产生了 深远的影响。 In 2013, I delivered a presentation titled “A Preliminary Exploration of the Origins of Chinese Flag Culture” at the 25th International Congress of Vexillology in Rotterdam. After over a decade of continued research, new discoveries and findings have emerged, which I will further elaborate on here. China is the earliest country in the world known to use flags, with historical records and unearthed artifacts providing accurate evidence. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, the Rites of Zhou for- malized regulations regarding the ranks, designs, and usage of national flags, vassal flags, and military flags, establishing the world’s earliest flag protocol and laws, marking the origin of global flag culture. For over 3,000 years, the flourishing development of Chinese ceremonial and flag culture has adhered to the Rites of Zhou. Chinese flag culture has also exerted a profound influence on flags worldwide.

日本和中国历史上有军旗主要用汉字书写。中 世纪日本的军旗上写有神名的汉字，例如八幡 大菩萨，比写有家族徽章的武士旗帜更宽，并 通过宗教仪式赋予神的力量。写有神名的幕府 将军或天皇的旗帜被称为御旗，具有政治作用 使武士的战斗正当化。 根据 1461 年多贺高忠所著的《军事记录》，最 高指挥官和指挥官会举起旗帜，旗帜上写着神 的名字，下方是他的家族徽章。随着幕府将军 和天皇的政府权力在 15 和 16 世纪逐渐减弱， 武士领主增强了他们的权力并举起了旗帜，在 家族徽章上方写有他们所信仰的神灵的名字。 [本文荣获本次大会最佳演讲奖。] Historically both Japan and China had military flags with Chinese characters (kanji in Japanese) written on them. Medieval Japanese military banners with the kanji name of a deity, such as Great Bodhisattva Hachiman (八幡大菩薩), gained the power of the deity by religious ritual. They were twice as wide as the 13th century samurai banners with the family crest (mon). That deity-name-written banner of the shogun or the emperor was called a mihata and had a political role to justify battle with samurai. According to The Military Note, 《多賀高忠軍陣聞書》, written by Takatada Taga in 1461, the supreme commander and commanding officer raised his banner with the name of the deity written above his family crest. As the governmental power of both shogun and emperor gradually weakened in the 15th and 16th centuries, regional samurai lords strengthened their power and raised banners with the name of the deity they believed in written above their family crest. [This article received the award for best presentation at the congress.]

中国国旗升挂方式，与许多国家手捧折叠不 同。是把国旗平整扎在国旗挂杆上，由旗手把 挂杆和国旗一起固定在旗绳上，再用电动或手 动方式升起。 由于没有明确的国家标准和技术要求，导致市 场上销售的国旗，很多不适用于升旗仪式。升 旗仪式前，旗手需要把国旗套一端剪开，穿过 挂旗杆后，再用胶带等固定才能升旗。这些行 为，造成对国旗的人为破损。 赵新风在常年升降国旗、培训升旗手过程中， 发现这一问题根本是国旗悬挂方式不规范。经 多年研究，多次定制样旗，不断改进，终于在 2021年研制出“升旗仪式专用国旗”。 2022年元旦，赵新风把第一面升旗仪式专用国 旗，赠送给开山岛民兵哨所，并由名誉所长王 仕花和守岛民兵一起在开山岛升起。2022年国 庆节，台湾人民共产党主席林德旺在台南举行 升起五星红旗仪式，升旗仪式专用国旗第一次 升起在台湾上空。 The way the Chinese national flag is raised is different from that of many other countries, where the flag is often carried and folded by hand. In China, the national flag is first neatly tied onto a flagmast (a form of batten the height of the hoist), after which the flag bearer attaches the flagmast and the flag together to the flag halyard. The flag is then raised using either a motorized or manual mechanism. Due to the lack of clear national standards and technical requirements, many national flags sold on the market are not suitable for flag-raising ceremonies. Before the ceremony, flag raisers have to cut open the upper end of the flagpole sleeve in order to insert the flagmast and affix the flag with tape or threads to hoist the flag. These practices often damage the flag. Through years of raising and lowering the national flag and training flag-raisers, Zhao Xinfeng identified the root cause of this issue: the lack of specific standards in flag manufacturing. After years of research, numerous custom prototypes, and continuous improvements, he finally developed the “National Flag Customized for Flag-Raising Ceremonies” in 2021. On New Year’s Day, 2022, Zhao Xinfeng presented the first customized national flag for flag-raising ceremonies to the militia post of Kaishan Island, where it was raised by Honorary Director Wang Shihua and the militia guarding the island. On the National Day in 2022, a flag-raising ceremony was held in Tainan by Lin Dewang, the chairman of Taiwan People’s Communist Party, in which the customized flag was raised for the first time over Chinese Taiwan.

新中国第一面国旗仅用了三天就缝制完成。作 者的父亲当年是一名 28 岁的中共党员和公司供 销科职员，他监制了一面特殊的国旗。这面国 旗用难得一见的黄蚕丝制作，1949 年 10 月 1 日 开国大典上，毛主席在天安门广场首次升起。 这面五星红旗高 3.4 米，长 4.6 米，现陈列在中 国国家博物馆。 The first national flag of new China was completed in just three days. The author’s father, a 28-year-old Communist party member and factory foreman, supervised its creation, organizing the craftsmen and procuring the hard-to-find yellow mulberry silk needed for the stars. The flag first flew on October 1, 1949, raised in Tiananmen Square by signal of Chairman Mao. The red flag with five yellow stars, 3.4 meters high and 4.6 meters long, is now on display at the National Museum in Beijing.

数个世纪以来，日本在历史发展过程中形成了 多种染色工艺。其中一种传统工艺名为“印 染”，它通过模版将家纹图案和其他图案印制 到织物上。尽管如今许多织物制造方法已实现 机械自动化，但仍有上百家制造商保留着传统 工艺。本文描述了作者在染色工匠指导下，亲 身体验的应用于旗帜制作的“印染”工艺，以 及该工艺的色彩还原精度。 Various dyeing techniques have been developed over many centuries throughout Japanese history. One of these traditional techniques, known as shirushi-zome, is used to apply kamon family crest marks and other materials with patterns of stencils to fabrics. Although many fabric manufacturing methods have been automated by machinery, about a hundred manufacturers maintain their traditional techniques. This paper describes shirushi-zome as applied to flag manufacturing (which the author actually experienced under the guidance of a dyeing craftsman) and explores color reproduction accuracy.

论文介绍了比利时国旗和国徽及其演变，以及 皇家、海军、陆军、空军、国防部、特别民用 旗、军旗和飞行员召唤旗等其他象征。 This paper describes the Belgian national flag and coat of arms and its evolution together with other symbols such as the Royal, Navy, Army, Air Force, Ministry of Defense, special civil ensign, jack, and call for a pilot flags.

拉玛一世国王的暹罗（现泰国）旗帜在红色背 景上绘有白色轮毂（轮状带刃投掷武器）。 1817 年，一本法国航海书籍刊登了错误的旗帜 描述和图片，将轮毂替换为黄色太阳。这一错 误似乎在西方旗帜图表中传播开来。 King Rama I’s flag for Siam (now Thailand) bore a white chakra (wheel-shaped bladed throwing weapon) on a red background. In 1817, a French maritime book printed an erroneous description and image of the flag, replacing the chakra with a yellow sun. This error appears to have propagated through Western flag charts.

我的发言是从国博馆藏和《古代中国》、《复 兴之路》陈列展出的的30余件旗帜文物溯源中 国旗帜的起源和发展，证明：中国是世界上最 早使用旗帜的国家之 。 坐落在北京天安门广场东侧的中国国家博物馆 （以下简称国博）占地7万平方米，建筑面积近 20万平方米，是世界上单体建筑面积最大的博 物馆。其藏品有143万余件，涵盖历史文物、艺 术品等多种门类。其中旗帜文物约2000件，包 括国旗、军旗、单位行业旗、奖旗等，以及描 绘记载旗帜的文物。 This article traces the origin and development of Chinese flags through the collection of over 30 flag cultural relics in the National Museum of China and through the exhibition “Ancient China and the Road to Rejuvenation”, proving that China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use flags. The National Museum of China, located on the east side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, covers an area of 70,000 square meters and has a building area of nearly 200,000 square meters, making it the largest museum in the world in terms of individual building area. Its collection consists of over 1.43 million items, covering various categories such as historical relics and artworks. Among them are about 2,000 material cultural relics relating to flags, including national flags, military flags, unit industry flags, and award flags, as well as cultural relics depicting and recording flags.