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Malgieri, Terri. 2011. “Tapestries of Colored Lights.” Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011, ICV Proceedings, 763–77. NAVA Digital Library. https://www.nava.org/digital-library/icv24malgieri.pdf.

Stained glass windows make an impression by pictorial and symbolic means and communicate many things to many people. These windows—first used in churches to teach the gospel story to laypeople—have evolved from a solely religious form of devotion into the secular world. Memorial windows have been commissioned in colleges, libraries, state capitols, museums, and memorials to convey the spirit of their time period. These “tapestries of colored lights”, which use images of flags, coats of arms, and other symbols, tell a story—speaking to all generations—maintaining present the history of the past.

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Martucci, David B. 2011. “The Standards of the Manhattoes, Pavonia, and Hell-Gate.” Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011, ICV Proceedings, 778–98. NAVA Digital Library. https://www.nava.org/digital-library/icv24martucci.pdf.

The American writer Washington Irving is well-known for his Knickerbocker’s History of New York, published in 1809. His claim was that this material was derived from ancient Dutch manuscripts dealing with the history of the colony of New Netherlands, 1623–1664, and its capital, New Amsterdam, now New York City. Scholars have debated this claim ever since and none of the manuscripts he cites as sources have ever been discovered to exist.

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Parsons, Geoff, and Michael Faul. 2011. “British Royal Banners 1199–Present.” Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011, ICV Proceedings, 799–819. NAVA Digital Library. https://www.nava.org/digital-library/icv24parsons-faul.pdf.

The presentation begins with the (accepted) date of 1199, the death of King Richard I, the first king known to have used the three gold lions on red. It continues to show how King Edward III added the French Royal Arms, consequent to his claim to the French throne. There is then the change from “France Ancient” to “France Modern” by King Henry IV in 1405, which set the pattern of the arms and the standard for the next 198 years. The story then proceeds to show how, over the ensuing 234 years, there were no fewer than six versions of the standard until the adoption of the present pattern in 1837. The presentation includes pictures of all the designs, noting that, in the early stages, the arms appeared more often as a surcoat than a flag. There is also some anecdotal information regarding the various patterns.

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Platoff, Anne M. 2011. “Six Flags over Luna: The Role of Flags in Moon Landing Conspiracy Theories.” Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011, ICV Proceedings, 820–81. NAVA Digital Library. https://www.nava.org/digital-library/icv24platoff.pdf.

According to historians, twelve American astronauts explored the surface of the Moon between 1969 and 1972. During their time on the lunar surface each Apollo crew deployed a special flag pole, leaving a total of six American flags on the surface of the Moon. Or did they? Since the 1970s conspiracy theories have emerged which claim that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) faked the moon landings. Much of the evidence used by the conspiracy theorists consists of photographs and films released by NASA during the Apollo Program. Not surprisingly, the flags have played a major role in the argument that the moon landings were an elaborate hoax. This paper will examine the claims of the conspiracy theorists, especially those related to flags, and will provide explanations in support of the historical reality of the Apollo missions.

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Poels, Jos. 2011. “The Orange Pennant: The Dutch Response to a Flag Dilemma.” Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011, ICV Proceedings, 882–98. NAVA Digital Library. https://www.nava.org/digital-library/icv24poels.pdf.

On certain days of the year the Dutch celebrate their royal family, the House of Orange, by flying an orange pennant above their national flag. The Netherlands is the only country in the world which extends its flag with such an added stripe. It is a reminder of the unsolved question; what is the correct colour of the top stripe of the national flag—red or orange? Orange was the original 16th-century colour, to represent Willem of Orange. About fifty years later the top stripe changed to red—and ever since, the Dutch have been divided on this question. The orange pennant, in Dutch a ‘wimpel’, came into use after the Netherlands regained independence in 1815. The ‘old’ republican red, white, and blue flag was reinstated by the newly formed Kingdom of the Netherlands. Half a century later, it became fashionable to show allegiance to the royal family by adding an orange stripe as a pennant attached to the flag. The orange pennant started a new Dutch flag tradition, as nowadays other things fly with the flag as well.

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Raeside, Rob. 2011. “The Maritime Influence on the Municipal Flags of Atlantic Canada.” Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011, ICV Proceedings, 899–906. NAVA Digital Library. https://www.nava.org/digital-library/icv24raeside.pdf.

Over one hundred municipal flags have been recorded from the four Atlantic provinces of eastern Canada. Recognising that not all communities in the Atlantic Provinces “face the sea”, an analysis was undertaken to determine the significance of the major categories of local enterprise, and from that the effect of these enterprises in the design of the flags. The analysis included elements from the arms or municipal seal commonly displayed on the flags. The analysis of these flags and the communities they represent reveals that the flags reflect the industries that dominate the economy of the municipalities, especially those that are coastal communities, chief among which are maritime enterprises.

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