The search interface is made of three sections: Search, Explore, and Results. These are described in detail below.
You may start searching either from the Search section or from the Explore section.
Search
This section shows your current search criteria and allows you to submit keywords to search in the bibliography.
Each new submission adds the entered keywords to the list of search criteria.
To start a new search instead of adding keywords to the current search, use the Reset search button, then enter your new keywords.
To replace an already submitted keyword, first remove it by unchecking its checkbox, then submit a new keyword.
You may control the extent of your search by selecting where to search. The options are:
Everywhere: Search your keywords in all bibliographic record fields and in the text content of the available documents.
In authors or contributors: Search your keywords in author or contributor names.
In titles: Search your keywords in titles.
In publication years: Search a specific publication year (you may use the OR operator with your keywords to find records having different publication years, e.g., 2020 OR 2021).
In all fields: Search your keywords in all bibliographic record fields.
In documents: Search your keywords in the text content of the available documents.
You may use boolean operators with your keywords. For instance:
AND: Finds entries that contain all specified terms. This is the default relation between terms when no operator is specified, e.g., a b is the same as a AND b.
OR: Finds entries that contain any of the specified terms, e.g., a OR b.
NOT: Excludes entries that contain the specified terms, e.g., NOT a.
Boolean operators must be entered in UPPERCASE.
You may use logical groupings (with parentheses) to eliminate ambiguities when using multiple boolean operators, e.g., (a OR b) AND c.
You may require exact sequences of words (with double quotes), e.g., "a b c". The default difference between word positions is 1, meaning that an entry will match if it contains the words next to each other, but a different maximum distance may be specified (with the tilde character), e.g., "web search"~2 allows up to 1 word between web and search, meaning it could match web site search as well as web search.
You may specify that some words are more important than others (with the caret), e.g., faceted^2 search browsing^0.5 specifies that faceted is twice as important as search when computing the relevance score of the results, while browsing is half as important. Such term boosting may be applied to a logical grouping, e.g., (a b)^3 c.
Keyword search is case-insentitive, accents are folded, and punctuation is ignored.
Stemming is performed on terms from most text fields, e.g., title, abstract, notes. Words are thus reduced to their root form, saving you from having to specify all variants of a word when searching, e.g., terms such as search, searches, and searching all produce the same results. Stemming is not applied to text in name fields, e.g., authors/contributors, publisher, publication.
Explore
This section allows you to explore categories associated with the references.
Categories can be used to filter your search. Check a category to add it to your search criteria and narrow your search. Your search results will then only show entries that are associated with that category.
Uncheck a category to remove it from your search criteria and broaden your search results.
The numbers shown next to the categories indicate how many entries are associated with each category in the current set of results. Those numbers will vary based on your search criteria to always describe the current set of results. Likewise, categories and whole facets will disappear when the result set has no entry associated to them.
An arrow icon () appearing next to a category indicates that subcategories are available. You may press it to expand a list of more specific categories. You may press it again later to collapse the list. Expanding or collapsing subcategories will not change your current search; this allows you to quickly explore a hierarchy of categories if desired.
Results
This section shows the search results. When no search criteria has been given, it shows the full content of the bibliography (up to 20 entries per page).
Each entry of the results list is a link to its full bibliographic record. From the bibliographic record view, you may continue exploring the search results by going to previous or following records in your search results, or you may return to the list of results.
Additional links, such as Read document or View on [website name], may appear under a result. These give you quick access to the resource. Those links will also be available in the full bibliographic record.
The Abstracts button lets you toggle the display of abstracts within the list of search results. Enabling abstracts, however, will have no effect on results for which no abstract is available.
Various options are provided to let you sort the search results. One of them is the Relevance option, which ranks the results from most relevant to least relevant. The score used for ranking takes into account word frequencies as well as the fields where they appear. For instance, if a search term occurs frequently in an entry or is one of very few terms used in that entry, that entry will probably rank higher than another where the search term occurs less frequently or where lots of other words also occur. Likewise, a search term will have more effect on the scores if it is rare in the whole bibliography than if it is very common. Also, if a search term appears in, e.g., the title of an entry, it will have more effect on the score of that entry than if it appeared in a less important field such as the abstract.
The Relevance sort is only available after keywords have been submitted using the Search section.
Categories selected in the Explore section have no effect on the relevance score. Their only effect is to filter the list of results.
国旗是国家的标志和象征，升国旗奏唱国歌代
表着获奖国家的尊严。升旗仪式是奥运会的重
大礼仪，首要礼仪，是超越体育成绩的体现举
办国政治与文化的标志性仪式。从奥运村、残
奥村欢迎仪式升旗，到奥运会、残奥会开幕式
闭幕式升旗，到奥运会、残奥会比赛场馆的颁
奖升旗，升旗仪式贯穿奥运会全过程，其重要
性历来得到组委会的高度重视。
上述升旗仪式中最复杂的是颁奖升旗仪式，是
颁奖仪式中涉及国家主权尊严的大事，是颁奖
仪式有政治性的核心重点。颁奖升旗涉及国
旗、旗杆装置、场馆、升旗手等众多设备、诸
多要素，有很多的不可确定性，一旦出现任何
纰漏都会造成无法挽回的重大影响。
赵新风为北京奥运会设计了“中国式”颁奖升
旗仪式，对升旗装置、升旗程序、升旗动作等
进行明确规范，并培训194名颁奖升旗手。之
后，北京奥运会的升旗仪式及规范，广泛应用
于中国主办的国际赛事升旗仪式中。赵新风也
担任升旗专家负责培训这些国际比赛的升旗
手，本文以这些国际赛事颁奖升旗仪式为范
例，讲述颁奖升旗系统工作和规范。
The national flag is the symbol of a country, and raising it while playing the national anthem represents the dignity of the country. The flag-raising ceremony is a significant and primary ritual of the Olympic Games, embodying the politics and culture of the host country beyond athletic achievements. From the welcoming ceremonies, to the opening and closing ceremonies, and to the medal-award ceremonies at the venues of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, flag-raising runs throughout, and its importance has always been highly valued by the International Olympic Committee.
The most complex events among Olympic flag-raising ceremonies are the medal awards, which involve national sovereignty and dignity in the ceremony and can be politically significant. The flag-raising during medal award ceremonies involves extensive equipment and elements such as national flags, flagpole devices, venues, and flag-raisers, which have many uncertainties. Therefore, any mistake and negligence may cause irreparable and significant impacts.
Zhao Xinfeng designed the “Chinese-style” medal-awards flag-raising ceremony for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, standardizing the flag-raising devices, procedures, and actions, and training 194 flag-raisers for the ceremony. Since then, the Beijing Olympic Games’ flag-raising ceremony and its specifications has been widely adopted for international events hosted by China. Zhao Xinfeng also served as a flag-raising expert responsible for training flag-raisers for these international events. This article uses the flag-raising in the award ceremonies of these international events as examples to illustrate the workings and specifications of the flag-raising system.