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Оваа книга претставува докторска теза одбранета во јули 2018 година, на Универзитетот „Св. Кирил и Методиј“, Институт за национална историја. Комисијата за одбрана ја предводеше проф. д-р Тодор Чепеганов, проследено со менторот, проф. д-р Драгица Поповска, и членовите: проф. д-р Катерина Мирчевска, проф. д-р Билјана Ристовска-Јосифовска, проф. д-р Маја Ангеловска-Панова. Оваа книга ги истражува лавот и сонцето кои како симболи се појавуваат во материјалната и духовната култура во Македонија од памтивек, како и нивната употреба на знамиња и грбови поврзани со Македонија. Таа опфаќа два главни периода, периодот пред формирањето на македонската држава, до 1944 година и периодот до 2017 година. Темата е мултидисциплинарна, така што се земаат предвид етнолошките, историските, социјалните, социолошките, правните и политичките аспекти. Најнапред е дадена теоретската рамка за симболите и општеството, која опфаќа теоретски дел за семиотиката, грбот и знамето и нивната функција во општеството, како и процесот на избор на амблеми и примена на нивните грбови и знамиња. Исто така се воведени и принципите на хералдиката, вексилологијата. Понатаму е разгледан периодот до 1944 година, кој ги покрива сонцето и лавот како симболи во духовната и материјалната култура, како и во хералдиката и вексилологијата. Фокусот е на лавот во припишаните грбови и знамиња на Александар Велики во средновеков-на Европа и таканаречениот земски грб на Македонија во илирската хералдика, како и апликацијата на сонцето и лавот на знамињата за време на Националното движење во 19 век. По формирањето на македонската држава, во рамки на Југославија во 1944 година, се разгледани социо-политичкиот и културниот контекст на појавата на сонцето во државните симболи на СР Македонија, химната и грбот. Разгледана е и популаризацијата на лавот како симбол на Македонија и на сонцето и лавот како симболи што ги користи и македонската дијаспора. Во период по осамостојувањето 1991 година, се проучени социо-политичкиот контекст на изборот на симболите, и симболизацијата на политичките партии. Опфатен е парламентарниот процес за изборот на симболи на Република Македонија, вклучувајќи ги и предлозите за грб и знамето на државата. Тука се вклучени и симболите на сонцето и лавот на националното знаме и грбот во поединечни наративи, перцепции и емоции. На крај е разгледана современата македонска територијална хералдика и вексилологија и употребата на сонцето на грбовите и знамињата на општините во Република Македонија. Истражувањето вклучува анализа на изворите, описи и типизација на симболите и нивната категоризација. Ова книга, заедно со нејзиниот претходник, книгата „Симболите на Македонија“ ќе придонесе за збогатување на теоријата и практиката на македонската хералдика и вексилологија и поставување теоретска рамка за проучување на симболите како елементи на колективниот идентитет, што ќе станат државни симболи преку развојот на македонската државност. This book represents a doctoral thesis defended in July 2018, at the University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Institute of National History. The defense committee was led by Prof. Dr. Todor Chepeganov, followed by the mentor, Prof. Dr. Dragica Popovska, and the members: Prof. Dr. Katerina Mirchevska, Prof. Dr. Biljana RistovskaJosifovska, Prof. Dr. Maja Angelovska-Panova.This book explores the lion and the sun, which have appeared as symbols in the material and spiritual culture of Macedonia since time immemorial, as well as their use on flags and coats of arms associated with Macedonia. It covers two main periods, the period before the formation of the Macedonian state, until 1944, and the period until 2017. The topic is multidisciplinary, so that ethnological, historical, social, sociological, legal and political aspects are taken into account.First, the theoretical framework for symbols and society is given, which includes a theoretical section on semiotics, the coat of arms and the flag and their function in society, as well as the process of choosing emblems and applying them to their coats of arms and flags. The principles of heraldry and vexillology are also introduced. The period up to 1944 is further examined, covering the sun and the lion as symbols in spiritual and material culture, as well as in heraldry and vexillology. The focus is on the lion in the coats of arms attributed to Alexander the Great in medieval Europe and the so-called Land coat of arms of Macedonia in Illyrian heraldry, as well as the application of the sun and the lion on flags during the National Movement in the 19th century. After the formation of the Macedonian state, within Yugoslavia in 1944, the socio-political and cultural context of the appearance of the sun in the state symbols of the SR Macedonia, the anthem and the coat of arms, is examined. The popularization of the lion as a symbol of Macedonia and of the sun and the lion as symbols used by the Macedonian diaspora is also examined. In the period after independence in 1991, the socio-political context of the choice of symbols and the symbolization of political parties is studied. The parliamentary process for the selection of symbols of the Republic of Macedonia is covered, including the proposals for the coat of arms and the flag of the state. This includes the symbols of the sun and the lion on the national flag and coat of arms in individual narratives, perceptions and emotions. Finally, contemporary Macedonian territorial heraldry and vexillology and the use of the sun on the coats of arms and flags of municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia are examined. The research includes analysis of sources, descriptions and typification of symbols and their categorization. This book, together with its predecessor, the book "Symbols of Macedonia", will contribute to enriching the theory and practice of Macedonian heraldry and vexillology and setting a theoretical framework for the study of symbols as elements of collective identity, which will become state symbols through the development of Macedonian statehood.
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我们很高兴分享印度旗帜学协会的发展历程— —它从一项教育倡议起步,如今已成为推动全 国性运动的重要力量。我们的努力折射出印度 各地对旗帜日益增长的关注,而参与“家家有 三色旗”运动则是这一历程的重要里程碑。我 们认为,当下正是在印度更广泛普及旗帜学的 理想时机,并在此分享我们实现这一目标的愿 景。 We are excited to share the journey of the Indian Vexillological Association, which has grown from an educational initiative into a driving force in a national movement. Our efforts reflect the increasing interest in flags across India, culminating in our participation in the Har Ghar Tiranga campaign. We believe this is the ideal moment to introduce vexillology more prominently in India, and we share our vision for achieving it.
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在过去的25年里,美国州旗的变化步伐加快 了。与此同时,旗帜专家参与这一变化的人数 有所增。我们已经分享了我们作为倡导者、创 造者、专家、评审者和过程顾问的旗帜设计专 业知识。包括乔治亚州、密西西比州、犹他州 和明尼苏达州在内的几个州已经改变了他们的 旗帜,他们采纳了NAVA(北美旗帜协会)及其 成员的指导。还有几项努力正在进行中,包括 马萨诸塞州、伊利诺伊州、缅因州、密歇根州 和新罕布什尔州。由于在美国没有中央部门管 理国旗的设计和使用,NAVA的作用是通过其出 版物、调查和成员的努力而变得更加重要。旗 帜界成员的这种参与标志着一种重大变化,我 们在大多数州旗变更时,为它在新旗帜设计提 供了更优的设计标准。 本文也发表在 2025 年 3 月的 Vexillum 第 29 期 中。 In the past 25 years, the pace of change among U.S. state flags has accelerated. Concurrently, the participation of vexillologists in that change has increased. We have shared our flag-design expertise as instigators, advocates, creators, refiners, experts, judges, and process consultants. Several states, including Georgia, Mississippi, Utah, and Minnesota, have changed their flags, reflecting and incorporating guidance from NAVA and its members. Several more efforts are under way, including Massachusetts, Illinois, Maine, Michigan, and New Hampshire. Because no central authority governs flag design and adoption in the U.S., the role of NAVA—through its publications, surveys, and members’ efforts—has become more important. This involvement by members of the vexillological community marks a significant change from the past—when we were on the outside of most state flag change—and it has delivered a higher stand- ard of flag design in new flags. [This article also appeared in Vexillum 29, March 2025.]
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本文介绍了自1965年以来,每隔两年在全球各 地举办的30届旗帜学大会(ICV)。分析了历届 ICV所发表论文的主题分类和特性,并把这些论 文分为15类旗帜学研究。这些类别是通过累积 已发表的论文本身所涵盖的主题来定义的,提 供了该学科研究的多功能性的衡量标准。ICV论 文是旗帜学研究的最高峰,构成了受人尊敬的 全球旗帜学知识体系,成为今天和未来旗帜学 家的学术数据宝库和进一步研究的基础。 This paper explores the 30 International Congresses of Vexillology (ICVs) held in various locations around the globe under FIAV sponsorship every other year since 1965 and analyzes the proceedings produced after these congresses. The papers presented at ICVs and published in their proceedings probably represent the highest peak of published vexillological research and constitute a respectable body of global vexillological knowledge and a trove of scholarly data for vexillologists of today and tomorrow upon which to base further research. The paper analyzes the ICVs by number of participants, participating countries, and represented continents, providing an indication of the state of development of vexillology as a discipline world-wide. The published papers are analyzed by total volume (number of pages), number of papers, and languages used. The authors of papers are also considered by number of papers, pages, and participation in the ICVs. The papers published are sorted into 15 categories of vexillological research—the categories were defined by cumulating the topics covered by the published papers themselves, providing a measure of the versatility of research in the discipline.
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大会学术论文集: 第30届国际旗帜完学, 中国北京 2024年8月 Proceedings of the 30th International Congress of Vexillology. Beijing, China. August 2024
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Сонцето и лавот како симболи се појавуваат во материјалната и духовната култура во Македонија од памтивек. Предмет на истражување во оваа теза се лавот и сонцето како симболи, со посебен осврт на нивната употреба на знамиња и грбови поврзани со Македонија. Истражувањето опфаќа два периода, периодот пред формирањето на Македонската држава, до 1944 година и периодот до денес. Темата е мултидисциплинарна, па затоа се земаат предвид етнолошки, историски, социјални, социолошки, правни и политички аспекти. Целта на истражувањето е да се опише и класифицира типологијата на атрибутите на сонцето и лавот и на тој начин да се провери нивниот континуитет до денес, како симболи за идентификација на територијата и колективот, изразени на грбови и знамиња. Лавот како симбол се среќава на грбовите и знамињата, главно од средниот век до почетокот на 20 век, поврзан со припишаниот грб на Александар Македонски. Сонцето како симбол се наоѓа на грбовите и знамињата во Македонија од почетокот на 20 век, главно како симбол на слободата и новиот свет (систем). The sun and the lion as symbols appear in the material and spiritual culture in Macedonia from time immemorial. The subject of research in this thesis is the lion and the sun as symbols, with particular reference to their use on flags and coat of arms connected to Macedonia. The research covers two periods, the period before the formation of the Macedonian state, until 1944 and the period until the present. The topic is multidisciplinary, so ethnological, historical, social, sociological, legal and political aspects are taken into account. The purpose of the research is to describe and classify the typology of the attributes of the sun and the lion and thus to check their continuity to date, as symbols for identification of territory and collective, expressed on coats of arms and flags. The lion as a symbol is found on the coats of arms and flags, mainly from the Middle Ages until the beginning of the 20th century, connected with the attributed coat of arms of Alexander the Great. The sun as a symbol is located on the coats of arms and flags in Macedonia from the beginning of the 20th century, mainly as a symbol of freedom and the new world (system).
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Vexillology is defined by many organizations - including the lnternational Federation of Vexillological Associations and the North American Vexillological Association - as the "scientific study of flags." Exactly what that means is not clear to many. This article presents an overview history, exemplifying many of the issues involved in vexillologicalstudy and suggesting options for future development.
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Depuis toujours, les sociétés humaines se déterminent et s’identifient au moyen de symboles. Les drapeaux sont aujourd’hui la forme la plus visible de cette identification. Les couleurs, les dessins qu’ils comportent nous apportent une lecture précieuse susceptible de nous éclairer sur le passé, le présent et le devenir des peuples. Les drapeaux nous offrent en même temps un précieux auxiliaire permettant de comprendre la direction de l’actualité mondiale. La fin de l’URSS en 1991 et la multiplication des drapeaux sur son territoire nous donne une parfaite illustration de cette perpétuelle quête humaine, à savoir son besoin de s’identifier et la justification de sa raison d'exister ici-bas. La preuve nous est en même temps donnée du caractère indispensable de la vexillologie dans la compréhension des sciences humaines. Human societies have always defined and identified themselves through symbols. Today, flags represent the most visible form of this identification. The colors and designs they feature offer valuable insights into the past, present, and future of peoples. At the same time, flags serve as a valuable tool for understanding the direction of global events. The collapse of the USSR in 1991 and the proliferation of flags across its former territory provide a perfect illustration of this perpetual human quest—namely, the need for identity and the justification of one's reason for existence. This also demonstrates the indispensable role of vexillology in understanding the human sciences.
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Organization
- Corporación Nacional de Vexilología de Chile (CONAVEX) (1)
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Croatian Heraldic and Vexillological Association (HGZD)
(1)
- Books (1)
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Cumann Geinealais na hÉireann Teoranta (Brateolaíocht Éireann branch) (GSI)
(1)
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Flag Heritage Foundation (FHF)
(1)
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Flag Institute (FI)
(1)
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- Flag Research Center (FRC) (8)
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Genealogical Society of Ireland Limited (Vexillology Ireland branch)
(1)
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Hrvatsko grboslovno i zastavoslovno društvo (HGZD)
(1)
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- Japanese Vexillological Association (JAVA) (2)
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North American Vexillological Association (NAVA)
(25)
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Raven: A Journal of Vexillology
(4)
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- 中国旗帜学研究中心 (VRCC) (4)
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Topic
- vexillology
- 16th International Congress of Vexillology (1)
- 1991-1995 Homeland War (4)
- 22nd International Congress of Vexillology (4)
- 23rd International Congress of Vexillology (1)
- 24th International Congress of Vexillology (2)
- 25th International Congress of Vexillology (1)
- 30th International Congress of Vexillology (1)
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- Alexander the Great (2)
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- cell phones (1)
- Central Asia (1)
- chapters (1)
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- cross-disciplinary analysis of flags (1)
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- definitions (1)
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- dictators (1)
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- dictionary (1)
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- dissertations (1)
- Domovinski rat 1991.-1995. (4)
- drapeaux (1)
- emblèmes (1)
- emblems (1)
- ensigns (3)
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- FlagBerlin 2007 (4)
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- Flagplan 2011 (1)
- flags (12)
- flags and emotions (1)
- flags and patriotism (1)
- flags as political symbols (1)
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- flags of the world (5)
- former Soviet republics (1)
- Genealogical Society of Ireland (GSI) (1)
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- Good Flag, Bad Flag (1)
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- graphic and plastic symbolism (1)
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- Har Ghar Tiranga (Tricolor in Every Home) campaign (1)
- Har Ghar Tiranga(家家户户三色旗)活动 (1)
- Hashemites (1)
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- heraldic terminology (1)
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- herb (1)
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- history (1)
- history of symbols (1)
- history of vexillology (9)
- hortative symbolism (1)
- Hrvatska (4)
- Hrvatske oružane snage (4)
- Hrvatske zastave (4)
- hrvatski identitet (4)
- Hrvatski simboli (4)
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- ICV 24 (2)
- ICV 25 (1)
- ICV 30 (1)
- ICV Proceedings (2)
- ICV proceedings (1)
- ICV 会议录 (1)
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- identité nationale (1)
- India (1)
- Indian tricolor (1)
- Indian tricolour (1)
- Indian Vexillological Association (1)
- interdisciplinary studies (2)
- International Congress of Vexillology (ICV) (8)
- interpretive symbolism (1)
- Iraq (1)
- Iraqi flags (1)
- Iraqi heraldry (1)
- Is Vexillology a science? (1)
- journal articles (2)
- láithreáin ghréasáin (1)
- lion (2)
- Macedonia (2)
- Middle Eastern history (1)
- Miembros de la FIAV (1)
- military colors (4)
- military colours (4)
- military flags (5)
- military symbols (4)
- military unit flags (4)
- mobile phones (1)
- monumental flags (1)
- municipal flags (1)
- nation states (1)
- national consciousness (1)
- national flags (4)
- national identity (5)
- national symbols (3)
- National Vexillology Corporation (CONAVEX) (1)
- nationalism (1)
- nationalités (1)
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- NAVA 51 (Boston annual meeting) (1)
- NAVA bylaws (1)
- NAVA core principles (1)
- NAVA meetings (1)
- NAVA operations (2)
- NAVA philosophy (2)
- NAVA publications (1)
- North American Vexillological Association (NAVA) (1)
- obituaries (3)
- papers (1)
- patriotic symbols (1)
- patriotism (3)
- periodical indexes (1)
- philosophy (1)
- philosophy of flags (1)
- philosophy of national flags (1)
- political symbolism (2)
- political symbols (3)
- politics (1)
- proceedings (11)
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- Republic of Croatia (4)
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- Russia (2)
- Russian Federation (1)
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- sitios web (1)
- Sixteenth International Congress of Vexillology (1)
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