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Оваа книга претставува докторска теза одбранета во јули 2018 година, на Универзитетот „Св. Кирил и Методиј“, Институт за национална историја. Комисијата за одбрана ја предводеше проф. д-р Тодор Чепеганов, проследено со менторот, проф. д-р Драгица Поповска, и членовите: проф. д-р Катерина Мирчевска, проф. д-р Билјана Ристовска-Јосифовска, проф. д-р Маја Ангеловска-Панова. Оваа книга ги истражува лавот и сонцето кои како симболи се појавуваат во материјалната и духовната култура во Македонија од памтивек, како и нивната употреба на знамиња и грбови поврзани со Македонија. Таа опфаќа два главни периода, периодот пред формирањето на македонската држава, до 1944 година и периодот до 2017 година. Темата е мултидисциплинарна, така што се земаат предвид етнолошките, историските, социјалните, социолошките, правните и политичките аспекти. Најнапред е дадена теоретската рамка за симболите и општеството, која опфаќа теоретски дел за семиотиката, грбот и знамето и нивната функција во општеството, како и процесот на избор на амблеми и примена на нивните грбови и знамиња. Исто така се воведени и принципите на хералдиката, вексилологијата. Понатаму е разгледан периодот до 1944 година, кој ги покрива сонцето и лавот како симболи во духовната и материјалната култура, како и во хералдиката и вексилологијата. Фокусот е на лавот во припишаните грбови и знамиња на Александар Велики во средновеков-на Европа и таканаречениот земски грб на Македонија во илирската хералдика, како и апликацијата на сонцето и лавот на знамињата за време на Националното движење во 19 век. По формирањето на македонската држава, во рамки на Југославија во 1944 година, се разгледани социо-политичкиот и културниот контекст на појавата на сонцето во државните симболи на СР Македонија, химната и грбот. Разгледана е и популаризацијата на лавот како симбол на Македонија и на сонцето и лавот како симболи што ги користи и македонската дијаспора. Во период по осамостојувањето 1991 година, се проучени социо-политичкиот контекст на изборот на симболите, и симболизацијата на политичките партии. Опфатен е парламентарниот процес за изборот на симболи на Република Македонија, вклучувајќи ги и предлозите за грб и знамето на државата. Тука се вклучени и симболите на сонцето и лавот на националното знаме и грбот во поединечни наративи, перцепции и емоции. На крај е разгледана современата македонска територијална хералдика и вексилологија и употребата на сонцето на грбовите и знамињата на општините во Република Македонија. Истражувањето вклучува анализа на изворите, описи и типизација на симболите и нивната категоризација. Ова книга, заедно со нејзиниот претходник, книгата „Симболите на Македонија“ ќе придонесе за збогатување на теоријата и практиката на македонската хералдика и вексилологија и поставување теоретска рамка за проучување на симболите како елементи на колективниот идентитет, што ќе станат државни симболи преку развојот на македонската државност. This book represents a doctoral thesis defended in July 2018, at the University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Institute of National History. The defense committee was led by Prof. Dr. Todor Chepeganov, followed by the mentor, Prof. Dr. Dragica Popovska, and the members: Prof. Dr. Katerina Mirchevska, Prof. Dr. Biljana RistovskaJosifovska, Prof. Dr. Maja Angelovska-Panova.This book explores the lion and the sun, which have appeared as symbols in the material and spiritual culture of Macedonia since time immemorial, as well as their use on flags and coats of arms associated with Macedonia. It covers two main periods, the period before the formation of the Macedonian state, until 1944, and the period until 2017. The topic is multidisciplinary, so that ethnological, historical, social, sociological, legal and political aspects are taken into account.First, the theoretical framework for symbols and society is given, which includes a theoretical section on semiotics, the coat of arms and the flag and their function in society, as well as the process of choosing emblems and applying them to their coats of arms and flags. The principles of heraldry and vexillology are also introduced. The period up to 1944 is further examined, covering the sun and the lion as symbols in spiritual and material culture, as well as in heraldry and vexillology. The focus is on the lion in the coats of arms attributed to Alexander the Great in medieval Europe and the so-called Land coat of arms of Macedonia in Illyrian heraldry, as well as the application of the sun and the lion on flags during the National Movement in the 19th century. After the formation of the Macedonian state, within Yugoslavia in 1944, the socio-political and cultural context of the appearance of the sun in the state symbols of the SR Macedonia, the anthem and the coat of arms, is examined. The popularization of the lion as a symbol of Macedonia and of the sun and the lion as symbols used by the Macedonian diaspora is also examined. In the period after independence in 1991, the socio-political context of the choice of symbols and the symbolization of political parties is studied. The parliamentary process for the selection of symbols of the Republic of Macedonia is covered, including the proposals for the coat of arms and the flag of the state. This includes the symbols of the sun and the lion on the national flag and coat of arms in individual narratives, perceptions and emotions. Finally, contemporary Macedonian territorial heraldry and vexillology and the use of the sun on the coats of arms and flags of municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia are examined. The research includes analysis of sources, descriptions and typification of symbols and their categorization. This book, together with its predecessor, the book "Symbols of Macedonia", will contribute to enriching the theory and practice of Macedonian heraldry and vexillology and setting a theoretical framework for the study of symbols as elements of collective identity, which will become state symbols through the development of Macedonian statehood.

Chapters: What is American civil religion?; America: the name, the concept, and the word; Jamestown and its anniversaries; The Mayflower Compact ; Plymouth Rock, the Pilgrims, and the Indians; City on a hill: from Jesus to Winthrop, Kennedy, and Reagan; The Freedom Trail and Boston Common; The Liberty Bell, Independence Hall, and the slave quarters ; The flag; The Declaration of Independence; The Great Seal and the dollar bill; The Constitution; Washington, D.C.: the city, the Capitol, and the White House; The Star-Spangled Banner; The Washington Monument; The Battle Hymn of the Republic; Gettysburg and the Gettysburg Address; Lincoln's second inaugural address; Arlington National Cemetery; The Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island; America the Beautiful; The Lincoln Memorial; Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills; God Bless America ; This Land is Your Land; The four freedoms; Iwo Jima: the picture, the monuments, and the battle; Disney parks; The Kennedy inaugural; Kings' speeches: the Mall (1963) and Memphis (1968); Vietnam Veterans Memorial; Transforming the National Mall; Ground zero, martyrdom, and empire; Conflict, consensus, and the future

Explains how flags have been used throughout history to represent cultures, including the colonial era, the Revolutionary War, and the War of 1812.

The lead article, by David F. Phillips, presents a new, blazon-based approach to Japanese mōn. Also provided are a preface, a literature review, English blazons of daimyō flags, and a new glossary of English blazon for Japanese heraldry. The book also contains well-illustrated articles by Emmanuel Valerio and Nozomi Kariyasu on Japanese heraldic flags of the samurai period and the present day.

Practitioners of vexillology have long worked to apply modern historical techniques and research methods to professionalize this study, once approached mainly through narrative and anecdotal methods. Vexillology is a useful auxiliary to history, political science, sociology, semiology, and design – but is it a social science of its own rather than a mere adjunct to more traditional fields? Many years of scholarly debate have not settled this question. In this excerpt from his PhD thesis at the University of Zagreb in Croatia, made available for the first time in English by the Flag Heritage Foundation, Dr. Željko Heimer reviews the arguments and evidence and offers a reasoned conclusion in support of vexillology as a social science.

Pedro Julio Dousdebés (1883-1954) was a general in the Colombian army. In 1937 he published a document-based history of the flags and emblems of Colombia from colonial days forward. His work was published in Spanish in the bulletin of the Colombian Academy of History. Working from an original in the Whitney Smith Flag Research Center Collection at the University of Texas, the Flag Heritage Foundation commissioned a translation by Michael F. Hammer. It is published here with all its original color plates, plus a preface and a historical introduction by David F. Phillips, a commentary by Gustavo Tracchia, four maps, 183 footnotes, and 20 additional illustrations in color and 24 in black and white. It is the first book on this subject in English.

This reproduces an undated pamphlet published in London in the 1830s. The illustrations are in roughly their original size; in the original they were connected side-to-side in accordion format. The original from which the reprint was made was found in the Whitney Smith Flag Research Center Collection at the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin.

An eagle with two heads was one of the most famous political symbols in Europe for hundreds of years. It was the emblem of the Holy Roman Empire, and later of the Austrian and Russian Empires, and is still in use in Balkan countries and in the Greek Orthodox Church. The importance of the double eagle in so many places, as a royal and later as a national symbol as well as a focus of nationalism and loyalty, has kept this strange image prominent for centuries in the imagination, and in the collective unconscious, of people in many nations, and has figured in such incidents of sovereignty as coins, seals, flags, regalia and military uniforms, but also in civil arts and handicrafts in many media.

What was the design of the “original” Haitian flag? What exactly were its origins and the circumstances of its adoption? What flags were actually used in the revolutionary years leading to General Jean-Jacques Dessalines’ proclamation of the Republic in 1804? This study by the Haitian scholar and educator Odette Roy Fombrun explores these questions, symbolically significant in Haitian society and long the subject of debate, in light of the historical record. She quotes extensively from eyewitness sources and later historical accounts published only in French and long out of print.